BIOLOGY 1424

Objectives: Chapters 16, 17, 18, 19  Exam 3

CHAPTER 16: PLANT NAMES AND CLASSIFICATION

1.   Discuss the early history of classification.
2.   Identify the significance of the work of Carolus Linnaeus, particularly noting the importance of binomial nomenclature.
3.    Differentiate between natural and artificial systems of taxonomy.
4.    Differentiate between lumpers and splitters.
5.   Define systematics, phylogeny, taxonomy, classification and taxon.
6.   Be able to list the heirarchy of classification in order.
7.      
<![endif]>Differentiate between following three systems of systematics: phenetics, cladistics and the modern synthesis.
8.   List the five kingdoms used in today's taxonomic system.  Identify the unifying characteristics and a characteristic organism of each of the five kingdoms.

CHAPTER 17: KINGDOM MONERA AND VIRUS

1.   Review the general characteristics of the kingdom Monera.
2.   Review the size, form and classification of Monerians.
3.   List the characteristics of the Subkingdom Archaebacteria.

A.        Methanogens
B.        Extreme Halophiles
C.        Thermoacidophiles

4.   How do humans use Archaebacteria?
5.   Review the characteristics of the Subkingdom Eubacteria.
6.   Review bacterial nutrition and respiration.

Heterotrophs

Chemoheterotrophs - secure organic compounds (carbon source) from the environment, Types -parasites, saprobes, mutualistic symbionts
Photoheterotrophs - use light as a source of energy (to synthesize ATP) but use C compounds from other organisms as a carbon source.

Purple nonsulfur bacteria

Autotrophs

Photoautotrophs -

Cyanobacteria - Photosynthesis like eukaryotes, produce 02 and contain chlorophyll a
Photosynthetic bacteria - Bacteriochlorophyll - no 02 produced,   produce S2 and use H2S as a H2 source.

Purple sulfur bacteria.
Green sulfur bacteria
Nitrifiers-
oxidize nitrite or ammonia to nitrate.
Others oxidize H2, H2S, S2, Fe compounds and other substances.

       7.      Recognize that bacteria are responsible for many animal diseases and also affect some plants.
8.    Identify various ways that true bacteria are useful to humans.
9.   Review the characteristics of the class Cyanobacteria (Blue-green algae).
10. List the characteristics of Anabaena, Nostoc and Oscillatoria as representatives of the Cyanobacteria.

11.  Identify the impact of Cyanobacteria on Humans.
12.  Recognize that virus are not cellular organisms, that they are minimally composed of a nucleic acid core and an outer shell of protein.
13. Virus are responsible for some plant diseases.

CHAPTER 18: KINGDOM PROTISTA, PART I

1.   Review the characteristics of the Kingdom Protista.
2.   List the characteristics of the plant-like protist, microalgae and macroalgae.
3.   List the characteristics of the Division Bacillariophyta (Chrysophyta in the text).
4.   Identify the characteristics of the Division Dinoflagellata (Pyrrophyta in the text).
5.   List the characteristics of the Division Euglenophyta.
6.   Review the characteristics of the Division Chlorophyta; Green Algae.

7.   List the characteristics of Chiamydomonas, Spirogyra, Volvox, Oedogonium and Ulva as representatives of the green algae.
8.   Review the characteristics of the Division Phaeophyta; Brown Algae.
9.   Review the characteristics of the Division Rhodophyta; Red Algae.
10. Discuss the human and ecological relevance of the algae.

CHAPTER 19:  KINGDOM PROTISTA, PART 2;
KINGDOM FUNGI AND LICHENS

1.   List the characteristics of the fungus-like Protist.
2.    Distinguish between the Kingdoms Protista and Fungi.
3.   List the characteristics of the following fungus-like divisions from the Kingdom Protista.

A.        Division Gymnomycota - Plasmodial Slime Molds
B.        Division Acrasiomycota - Cellular Slime Molds
C.        Division Oomycota - Water Molds

4.   List the characteristics of the Kingdom Fungi.
5.   Define hypha, mycelium, stolon, haustoria, septate, non- septate, sporangium and sporangiophore.
6.   Review the characteristics of the Division Zygomycota. Use Rhizopus as an example.
7.   Review the characteristics of the Division Ascomycota.
8.   Review the characteristics of the Division Basidiomycota.
9.   Review the characteristics of the Division Deuteromycota.
10. Review the human and ecological relevance of fungi.
11. List the characteristics of lichens and their ecological importance.
12. Identify three types of lichens.
13. List the characteristics and ecological importance of mycorrhizae.