CHAPTER
3 CELLS:
1.
Be
familiar with the contributions of Robert Hooke, Robert Brown, Matthias
Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, Louis Pasteur and Rudolf Virchow to the study of
cell biology
2.
Identify
the concept of the cell theory.
3.
Define
magnification, resolution and contrast as they apply to the
microscope.
4. Explain the advantages of each of the following microscopes and the contrast and magnification of each. Compound Light, Transmission Electron and Scanning Electron
5.
What
is the average size of cells and what single factor has the greatest influence
on their size limit? Explain the
surface volume ratio.
6.
How
does metabolism and cell shape influence cell size?
7.
Identify
the function of the plant cell wall.
8.
Differentiate
between the primary cell wall, secondary cell wall and middle
lamella.
9.
What
are the roles of cellulose, lignin and suberin in cell
walls.
10. Define
the role of the plasmodesmata.
11. Identify
the basic structure of cell membranes.
What is the role of cellular membranes?
12. Differentiate
between integral and peripheral proteins. What is the role of glycolipids and
lipoproteins on the cell surface?
13. Identify
the structure and function of the smooth and rough endoplasmic
reticulum.
14. Explain
the general structure and function of the Golgi apparatus. Explain the source and formation of the
Golgi and how the final product is delivered to its
destination.
15. Identify
the structure and function of the mitochondria. What is the significance of the presence
of mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes?
16. Recognize
that plastids are unique to plants. What is the role of proplastids,
chloroplast, chromoplast and leucoplast?
Be specific.
17. Discuss
the structure of the chloroplast identifying the location of the thylakoids and
stroma.
18. Identify
the structure and function of microfilaments and
microtubules.
19. Identify
the function of the nucleus and the structure and function following nuclear
structures; nuclear envelope, chromatin, chromosomes, nucleolus and nuclear
pores.
20. Define
the role of a food vacuole, contractile vacuole and central vacuole of a plant
cell. Be specific in relation to
the central vacuole.
21. Identify
the following differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Focus on the comparisons listed on the
slide on prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells on the lecture
tape..
22. Identify
the differences between plant and animal cells.
23. Define
all terms on the slide titled “Mitosis and the Cell
Cycle”.
24. Identify
the events of interphase; G1, S and G2.
25. Identify
the major events that occur in the four stages of mitosis, prophase, metaphase,
anaphase and telophase.
Differentiate between plant and animal cytokinesis.
1.
Differentiate
between meristems, simple tissues and complex tissues.
2.
Identify
the location, products and function following meristematic tissues. Apical meristem of the stem and root,
vascular cambium, cork cambium and intercalary meristem. Note that the vascular cambium is only
in dicots, the cork cambium only in woody plants and that intercalary meristem
is mostly in monocots.
3.
Recognize
that primary tissues are derived from the cells produced by an apical or
intercalary meristem and that secondary tissues develop from cells produced by a
cambium or other lateral meristem like the cork cambium.
4.
Identify
the structure, characteristics and functions of parenchyma, collenchyma and
sclerenchyma tissue. Define the
function of the types of parenchyma and sclerenchyma identified on the lecture
slide, “Non-Meristematic Simple Tissues”.
5.
Define
epidermis and periderm. How do they
differ in location and structure?
Define cutin, cuticle, stomata, guard cells, lenticel, cork, suberin and
root hairs.
6.
Identify
the structure and functions of xylem.
7.
Differentiate
between tracheids and vessels.
Which is found in more primitive and more advanced plants?
8.
Discuss
the structure and role of pits found in the cell walls of xylem
cells.
9.
Identify
the structure and functions of phloem tissue identifying the role of sieve tube
elements, companion cells and the sieve plate. How do sieve cells and albuminous
cells compare?
CHAPTER
5 ROOTS:
1.
Identify
the functions of roots and root systems.
2.
Identify
the portion of the plant embryo that produces the root.
3.
Differentiate
between fibrous and rap root systems.
4.
Define
adventitious roots and root hairs.
5.
Identify
the location and role of the following regions of the root tip. Root Cap, Apical Meristem, Region of
Elongation and Region of Maturation.
6.
Explain
how the root cap cells are involved with gravitropism.
7.
Where
is the root hair zone and what is its function?
8.
Differentiate
between monocots and dicots. (all
comparisons listed on the lecture slide, “Monocots
vs.Dicots”.
9.
How
does a monocot and dicot root differ?
10. Identify
the location and function of the following root parts. Epidermis, Cortex, Endodermis, Casparian
Strip, Pericycle, Pith
11. Explain
the formation and role of the Casparian strip and a passage
cell.
12. Identify
the function of all the specialized roots listed on the slide, “Specialized
Roots”.
13. Explain
the symbiotic association that results in mycorrhizae and nodules. How does each benefit
plants?
CHAPTER
6 STEMS:
1.
Identify
the functions of stems.
2.
Define
the following external features of a stem.
Terminal bud, terminal bud scale scar, axillary buds, node, internode,
leaf scare, leaf bundle scar, stipules, petiole and blade.
3.
Explain
how you could tell the age of a stem using the terminal bud scale
scar.
4.
Identify
the location and role of the following structures of the terminal bud. Apical meristem, protoderm, procambium,
ground meristem, bud primordium and leaf primordium
5.
What
tissues develop from the protoderm, procambium and ground
meristem.
6.
Describe
and differentiate between protostele, siphonostele and
eustele.
7.
Be
able to differentiate between a herbaceous dicot, woody dicot and monocot
stem. Be able to describe the
anatomical differences.
8.
Define,
primary xylem secondary xylem, annual ring, spring wood, summer wood, xylem ray
and cork.
9.
Identify
the function of each of the specialized stems listed on the slide, “Specialized
Stems”.